🔧 Operations Documentation¶
📋 Overview¶
Comprehensive operational procedures and guidelines for maintaining the Azure Real-Time Analytics platform in production. This documentation covers monitoring, performance optimization, disaster recovery, and routine maintenance tasks.
📑 Table of Contents¶
- Monitoring & Observability
- Performance Management
- Disaster Recovery
- Maintenance Procedures
- Troubleshooting
- Incident Management
📊 Monitoring & Observability¶
System Health Dashboard¶
Key Metrics:
Availability:
- Platform Uptime: 99.99% target
- Service Health: All components green
- API Response: <100ms p50, <500ms p99
Performance:
- Throughput: 1.2M events/second
- Latency: <5 seconds end-to-end
- Error Rate: <0.1%
Resource Utilization:
- Compute: 65% average, 85% peak
- Storage: 2.3PB used, 5PB capacity
- Network: 4.2GB/s sustained
Monitoring Stack¶
| Component | Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure | Azure Monitor | Resource metrics and logs |
| Application | Application Insights | Application performance |
| Security | Azure Sentinel | Security monitoring |
| Business | Power BI | Business KPIs |
| Costs | Cost Management | Budget tracking |
Alert Configuration¶
Critical Alerts:
- Service Down: Any core service unavailable
- Data Loss: Missing data in pipeline
- Security Breach: Unauthorized access detected
- Cost Overrun: Budget exceeded by 20%
Warning Alerts:
- High Latency: Processing >10 seconds
- Resource Pressure: >85% utilization
- Error Spike: Error rate >1%
- Quota Limit: 80% of quota reached
Information Alerts:
- Deployment Complete: New version deployed
- Backup Success: Daily backup completed
- Maintenance Window: Scheduled maintenance
🚀 Performance Management¶
Performance Optimization Procedures¶
Daily Performance Review¶
#!/bin/bash
# daily_performance_review.sh
# Check cluster utilization
databricks clusters list --output JSON | \
jq '.clusters[] | {cluster_id, state, num_workers}'
# Review slow queries
az monitor metrics list \
--resource $DATABRICKS_RESOURCE_ID \
--metric "query.duration" \
--aggregation Average \
--interval PT1H
# Analyze data skew
spark.sql("""
SELECT
partition_id,
COUNT(*) as record_count,
AVG(record_count) OVER() as avg_count,
(COUNT(*) - AVG(record_count) OVER()) / AVG(record_count) OVER() * 100 as skew_percentage
FROM bronze.events
GROUP BY partition_id
HAVING skew_percentage > 20
""")
Performance Tuning Checklist¶
- Cluster Optimization
- Right-size cluster nodes
- Enable auto-scaling
- Use spot instances where appropriate
-
Configure Photon acceleration
-
Query Optimization
- Analyze query plans
- Add appropriate indexes
- Implement partition pruning
-
Use broadcast joins for small tables
-
Storage Optimization
- Run OPTIMIZE regularly
- Configure Z-ORDER by common filters
- Implement data compaction
-
Archive old data
-
Network Optimization
- Use Azure backbone
- Implement caching strategies
- Optimize data serialization
- Minimize cross-region transfers
Capacity Planning¶
# capacity_planning.py
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from azure.monitor.query import MetricsQueryClient
def forecast_capacity(metric_name, days_ahead=30):
"""Forecast capacity requirements."""
client = MetricsQueryClient(credential)
# Get historical data
end_time = datetime.now()
start_time = end_time - timedelta(days=90)
response = client.query_resource(
resource_uri=resource_id,
metric_names=[metric_name],
timespan=(start_time, end_time),
granularity=timedelta(hours=1)
)
# Create forecast
df = pd.DataFrame(response.metrics[0].timeseries[0].data)
df['timestamp'] = pd.to_datetime(df['timestamp'])
df.set_index('timestamp', inplace=True)
# Simple linear regression forecast
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
X = df.index.astype(int).values.reshape(-1, 1)
y = df['average'].values
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X, y)
# Predict future
future_dates = pd.date_range(
start=end_time,
periods=days_ahead,
freq='D'
)
predictions = model.predict(
future_dates.astype(int).values.reshape(-1, 1)
)
return {
'current': y[-1],
'predicted_30d': predictions[-1],
'growth_rate': (predictions[-1] - y[-1]) / y[-1] * 100
}
🛡️ Disaster Recovery¶
RPO and RTO Targets¶
| Component | RPO | RTO | Backup Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Lake | 1 hour | 4 hours | Continuous replication |
| Databricks | 4 hours | 2 hours | Daily snapshots |
| Kafka | 5 minutes | 30 minutes | Multi-region replication |
| Power BI | 24 hours | 4 hours | Daily export |
| Configuration | 1 hour | 1 hour | Git versioning |
Backup Procedures¶
Automated Backups:
Data Lake:
- Type: Geo-redundant storage
- Frequency: Continuous
- Retention: 30 days
Databricks:
- Notebooks: Git sync every commit
- Jobs: Daily export to JSON
- Clusters: Configuration in IaC
Metadata:
- Unity Catalog: Daily export
- Schemas: Version controlled
- Permissions: Backed up to Key Vault
Configuration:
- Infrastructure: Terraform state in remote backend
- Secrets: Azure Key Vault with soft delete
- Policies: Azure Policy definitions
Recovery Procedures¶
Data Recovery¶
#!/bin/bash
# data_recovery.sh
# Parameters
RECOVERY_POINT="2025-01-28T12:00:00Z"
SOURCE_CONTAINER="backup"
TARGET_CONTAINER="bronze"
# Restore from backup
az storage blob copy start-batch \
--source-account-name $BACKUP_STORAGE \
--source-container $SOURCE_CONTAINER \
--account-name $PRIMARY_STORAGE \
--destination-container $TARGET_CONTAINER \
--pattern "*" \
--source-sas $SOURCE_SAS
# Verify restoration
az storage blob list \
--account-name $PRIMARY_STORAGE \
--container-name $TARGET_CONTAINER \
--query "length(@)" \
--output tsv
Service Recovery¶
# service_recovery.py
import asyncio
from typing import List, Dict
class DisasterRecoveryOrchestrator:
def __init__(self):
self.services = [
"storage",
"databricks",
"kafka",
"powerbi"
]
async def failover_to_secondary(self):
"""Execute failover to secondary region."""
tasks = []
for service in self.services:
tasks.append(self.failover_service(service))
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
return results
async def failover_service(self, service: str) -> Dict:
"""Failover individual service."""
try:
# Update DNS
await self.update_dns(service)
# Start secondary instance
await self.start_secondary(service)
# Verify health
is_healthy = await self.health_check(service)
return {
"service": service,
"status": "success" if is_healthy else "failed",
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow()
}
except Exception as e:
return {
"service": service,
"status": "error",
"error": str(e)
}
🔧 Maintenance Procedures¶
Scheduled Maintenance¶
| Task | Frequency | Duration | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster Restart | Weekly | 15 min | Minimal - rolling restart |
| Security Patching | Monthly | 2 hours | None - staged deployment |
| Platform Upgrade | Quarterly | 4 hours | Read-only mode |
| DR Testing | Quarterly | 8 hours | Secondary region only |
| Capacity Review | Monthly | 2 hours | None |
Maintenance Runbooks¶
Cluster Maintenance¶
# cluster_maintenance.py
from databricks.sdk import WorkspaceClient
import time
def perform_cluster_maintenance(cluster_id: str):
"""Perform rolling cluster maintenance."""
w = WorkspaceClient()
# Step 1: Create temporary cluster
temp_cluster = w.clusters.create(
cluster_name=f"temp-{cluster_id}",
spark_version="13.3.x-scala2.12",
node_type_id="Standard_D16s_v3",
num_workers=10
)
# Step 2: Redirect traffic
update_load_balancer(temp_cluster.cluster_id)
# Step 3: Restart original cluster
w.clusters.restart(cluster_id)
# Step 4: Wait for healthy state
while True:
state = w.clusters.get(cluster_id).state
if state == "RUNNING":
break
time.sleep(30)
# Step 5: Redirect traffic back
update_load_balancer(cluster_id)
# Step 6: Terminate temporary cluster
w.clusters.delete(temp_cluster.cluster_id)
Storage Optimization¶
-- optimize_storage.sql
-- Optimize Delta tables
OPTIMIZE bronze.events
WHERE date >= current_date() - INTERVAL 7 DAYS
ZORDER BY (event_type, customer_id);
-- Vacuum old files
VACUUM bronze.events RETAIN 168 HOURS;
-- Analyze table statistics
ANALYZE TABLE bronze.events COMPUTE STATISTICS;
-- Check table health
DESCRIBE HISTORY bronze.events LIMIT 10;
🔍 Troubleshooting¶
Common Issues and Resolutions¶
| Issue | Symptoms | Root Cause | Resolution |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Latency | Processing >10s | Cluster undersized | Scale up cluster |
| Data Skew | Uneven partitions | Poor partition key | Repartition data |
| Memory Errors | OOM exceptions | Large broadcasts | Optimize joins |
| Connection Timeout | Failed queries | Network issues | Check firewall rules |
| Cost Spike | Budget alerts | Runaway jobs | Implement job timeout |
Diagnostic Scripts¶
# diagnostics.py
import pandas as pd
from typing import Dict, List
class SystemDiagnostics:
def __init__(self):
self.checks = [
self.check_cluster_health,
self.check_storage_health,
self.check_streaming_health,
self.check_network_health
]
def run_diagnostics(self) -> Dict:
"""Run all diagnostic checks."""
results = {}
for check in self.checks:
check_name = check.__name__
try:
results[check_name] = check()
except Exception as e:
results[check_name] = {
"status": "error",
"error": str(e)
}
return results
def check_cluster_health(self) -> Dict:
"""Check Databricks cluster health."""
# Implementation
pass
def check_storage_health(self) -> Dict:
"""Check storage account health."""
# Implementation
pass
🚨 Incident Management¶
Incident Response Process¶
graph TD
A[Incident Detected] --> B{Severity?}
B -->|Critical| C[Page On-Call]
B -->|High| D[Alert Team]
B -->|Medium| E[Create Ticket]
B -->|Low| F[Log Issue]
C --> G[Triage]
D --> G
E --> G
G --> H[Investigate]
H --> I[Mitigate]
I --> J[Resolve]
J --> K[Post-Mortem] Escalation Matrix¶
| Severity | Response Time | Escalation | Authority |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 minutes | Immediate page | Can stop production |
| High | 1 hour | Team notification | Can modify config |
| Medium | 4 hours | Next business day | Can restart services |
| Low | 24 hours | Weekly review | Can update docs |
Post-Incident Review Template¶
## Incident Post-Mortem
**Incident ID:** INC-2025-001
**Date:** January 29, 2025
**Duration:** 45 minutes
**Impact:** 5% of queries failed
### Timeline
- 14:00 - Alert triggered for high error rate
- 14:05 - On-call engineer acknowledged
- 14:15 - Root cause identified
- 14:30 - Fix deployed
- 14:45 - System recovered
### Root Cause
Memory pressure on streaming cluster due to large broadcast join
### Resolution
- Increased cluster memory
- Optimized join strategy
- Added monitoring for broadcast size
### Action Items
- [ ] Implement automatic broadcast size limits
- [ ] Add pre-emptive scaling rules
- [ ] Update runbook with new procedure
📚 Related Documentation¶
- Monitoring Setup
- Performance Tuning
- Disaster Recovery Plan
- Maintenance Runbook
- Troubleshooting Guide
Last Updated: January 29, 2025
Version: 1.0.0
Maintainer: Platform Operations Team